Following are two letters by the
Greenlining Institute
regarding ChexSystems that were sent to
the Federal Reserve and other regulatory
agencies. We've formatted it in HTML so
that it can be displayed in your browser
but you can download
their original documents:
Sep-28-2000 and
Aug-02-2000 which are in MS Word format.
September 28, 2000
Chairman Alan Greenspan
Chairman
Federal Reserve System
20th & "C" Sts., NW
Washington, D.C. 20551
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Mr. Jerry D. Hawke
Comptroller of the Currency
Office of the Comptroller
250 E St., SW
Washington, D.C. 20219
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Ms. Ellen Seidman
Director
Office of Thrift Supervision
1700 G. St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20552
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Ms. Donna Tanoue
Chairperson
FDIC
550 17th St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20249
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Mr. Robert Pitofsky
Chairman
FTC
600 Pennsylvania Ave.,
NW, Room 440
Washington, D.C. 20580
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Mr. Lawrence H. Summers
Secretary
Department of the Treasury
1500 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20220
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Automatic Five Year "Conviction" Encourages Predatory Lending
Dear Chairman Tanoue, Director Seidman,
Comptroller Hawke and Chairman Greenspan:
Bringing Five Million Americans Back Into
the Banking System:
A Successful Cooperative Effort Among Financial
Institutions, Regulators and Community Groups
Dear Chairman Greenspan, Comptroller Hawke,
Director Seidman, Chairperson Tanoue,
Chairman Pitofsky and Secretary Summers:
Today's Wall Street Journal
described Bank of America's leadership effort
to move the unbanked into banking and to
minimize the pitfalls of the present
ChexSystems, a system that has, in effect,
prevented five million or more former bank
customers from joining the banking system.
(article attached)
We strongly applaud Bank of America's clear
leadership. They have set a standard that no
regulator could possibly set even if it had
clear jurisdiction. Greenlining and other
community members are also gratified to learn
at our meeting of September
28th1
(co-hosted with the Federal Reserve) that
the nation's largest thrift, Washington
Mutual, and California's second largest bank,
Wells
Fargo2,
intend to follow Bank of America's lead.
Similarly, a number of the other nine
banks that attended this meeting, such as
U.S. Bancorp, Bank of the West and Sanwa,
indicated that they were likely to soon do
the same.
As OTS and the Federal Reserve remarked at
our meeting, this was an excellent example
of the effectiveness of financial institutions,
regulators and community groups working together,
even when there is no clear regulatory framework,
to achieve a common goal that makes good business
sense. We strongly concur and welcome the
opportunity to replicate this informal
procedure as it relates to community
reinvestment, predatory lending and other
issues of common concern.
Our next scheduled meeting, which will be
co-hosted by the Federal Reserve, is set
for December 5th. Subsequent to that meeting
and prior to the end of the year, we hope to
provide a joint report to all of you on the
initial results of this joint effort to modify
the counterproductive aspects of ChexSystems.
1
Participants at the September 28th meeting
included Bank of America, Bank of the West,
CalFed, Citibank, Sanwa, Union, US Bancorp,
Washington Mutual, Wells Fargo, FDIC,
Federal Reserve, FTC, OCC, OTS, Operation
Hope, Allen Temple and ChexSystems
2
Two weeks prior to this announcement,
Washington Mutual and Wells Fargo took the
lead in announcing a pilot project with
Allen Temple Baptist Church of Oakland to
accept, in effect, anyone within ChexSystems
as a customer so long as they had not
engaged in fraud.
Sincerely,
Robert Gnaizda
Policy Director
Greenlining Institute
[End of Sep-28-2000 letter]
August 2, 2000
Chairman Alan Greenspan
Chairman
Federal Reserve System
20th & "C" Sts., NW
Washington, D.C. 20551
|
Mr. Jerry D. Hawke
Comptroller of the Currency
Office of the Comptroller
250 E St., SW
Washington, D.C. 20219
|
Ms. Ellen Seidman
Director
Office of Thrift Supervision
1700 G. St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20552
|
Ms. Donna Tanoue
Chairperson
FDIC
550 17th St., NW
Washington, D.C. 20249
|
Automatic Five Year "Conviction" Encourages Predatory Lending
Dear Chairman Tanoue, Director Seidman,
Comptroller Hawke and Chairman Greenspan:
Yesterday's Wall Street Journal article
(
Bounce a Check and You Might Not Write Another
for Five Years ... Do the Poor Get Hurt More?)
raises a number of troubling federal regulatory
issues that require your instant and collective
intervention.
First, are automatic five year bans from
the banking system consistent with the role of
banks in encouraging a universal banking system?
Second, are these inflexible bans
antithetical to recent government efforts to
ensure electronic banking for all government
payments, particularly for social security and
disabled recipients?
Third, do these bans have an unintended
discriminatory impact on the poor, inner city
residents and minorities, as the NAACP contends?1
Fourth, do these bans unintentionally
help create a strong multi-billion dollar
predatory "check cashing store" economy since
these bans directly drive millions of poor
Americans from regulated banks to some of the
leading predatory lenders?
Five, are second chance and other
flexible methods, such as developed by Union
Bank, an effective alternative that, in effect,
causes the automatic ban to be unnecessarily
discriminatory and counterproductive to safe
and sound banking practices?
Six, if, as we believe, there is a clear
distinction between fraudulent check writers and
destitute families whose loss of a job prevents
them from covering a check, should banks
develop an alternative to ChexSystems, a
national database to which 80% of bank
branches subscribe?
Suggested Action
We urge that the four primary federal bank
regulators call for an immediate Six Month
Moratorium on automatic bans. In the interim,
we urge that an investigation be conducted
as to the impact of ChexSystems on
a.) the banking system,
b.) low-income, minority and inner city residents,
c.) the government's electronic banking efforts; and
d.) driving the poor out of the regulated banking
system and into the hands of predatory lenders.
Leaders of The National Black Chamber of Commerce
will be having their national convention in D.C.
from August 17th to 20th. Perhaps we could meet
during this time?
In addition, Greenlining and its members
(including The National Black Chamber of Commerce,
California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and
The National Asian Business Association) will
seek to set up a meeting on August 14th in
San Francisco with ten major banks2 to discuss
interim solutions to this banking crisis.
We respectfully request your assistance in
ensuring that your top officials attend this
meeting.3
We look forward to your early advice and action.
1
The discrimination of two types:
a.) denying banking services disproportionately
to minorities and the poor, and
b.) the likelihood that banks exercise no such
inflexible or automatic ban on the wealthy
customer, a matter we are prepared to prove.
2
Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Union Bank,
Bank of the West, Citibank, City National,
Sanwa Bank, Washington Mutual, CalFed and
World Savings.
3
Meeting at 2:00 p.m., August 14th at
Greenlining Institute,
785 Market St., 3rd floor, San Francisco.
Sincerely,
Robert Gnaizda
Policy Director
Greenlining Institute
|
Mary Ann Mitchell
Chair of the Board
National Black
Business Council, Inc.
|
Bert Corona
Executive Director
Hermandad Mexicana
Nacional
|
Jorge Corralejo
Member
Latin Business
Association
|
Mark Whitlock
Executive Director
First AME Church
|
Gelly Borromeo
President
National Asian Pacific
Publishers Association
|
[End of Aug-02-2000 letter]
The results of the August 14th meeting can
be read in the San Francisco Examiner article,
Lenders to evaluate their use of a system
under fire for bias against poor people
and in the Wall Street Journal article
Banks to rethink system to approve applicants
opening checking accounts.
An
article on Sep-28-2000
in the Wall Street Journal, and a
followup article on Oct-02-2000
reports how Bank of America and others have changed
their ChexSystems policies. B of A detailed these
changes at that day's meeting at the Greenlining Institue.
Highlights:
-
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will disregard ChexSystems incidents more
than one year old if you have proof that
"all amounts owed have been paid".
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-
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will disregard all incidents more than
three years old regardless of paid status
provided no fraudulent activity exists in
your report.
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will not report overdraft activity to
ChexSystems unless the overdraft balance
(including fees, we are assuming) is $100
or more [according to the article, the
threshold previously was $50, although we've
received feedback from many who were reported
by B of A for amounts much smaller than that
even.]
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-
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will not report overdraft activity to
ChexSystems until 90 days after the
overdraft occurred, and will issue notice
at 60 days. [according to the article, the
time limit previously was to allow 21 days
for repayment after the notice was sent,
which supposedly is 60 days after the
overdraft activity. But we've received
feedback from many who were reported by
B of A within a few days of the overdraft
acitivity. Thus if this 81 day length of time
was their previous policy, it wasn't followed
whatsoever.]
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-
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eFunds (ChexSystems' parent company, which itself
is mostly owned by Deluxe) will be introducing a
course in "financial responsibility" to be offered
nationwide. Bank Of America plans to offer
accounts to anyone who has repaid any amounts owed
and completes the course, regardless of how long
ago the incident occurred.
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And another development:
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At a meeting at the Greelining Institute on
Sep-28-2000, several other banks indicated they
are likely to follow B of A's lead. This include:
Washington Mutual, Wells Fargo Bank, U.S. Bancorp,
Bank of the West, and Sanwa Bank.
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Thanks to the Greenlining Institute for giving
us permission to use their letters on this site.
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